Pharmacological evaluation of Allium cepa extract as hepatoprotective potential in albino rat
Keywords:
Allium cepa, Carbon tetrachloride, Hepatoprotective, Antioxidant enzyme.Abstract
Objective: The study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of Allium cepa extract in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. Methods: All albino rats were divided into four groups having six animal in each (n=6) to evaluate the efficacy of Allium cepa extract in comparison with standard drug Silymarin. The drugs were orally administered to rats for 10 days in CCl4 model and animals were weighed periodically. At the end of the study, blood samples were collected for the test of SGOT, SGPT, ALP, total bilirubin, and total protein levels. The antioxidant enzyme parameters such as LPO, MDA, GSH, SOD, and CAT were also performed for all group of animal. The liver tissues of all groups were collected after scarifying the animals and histopathological examination reported for confirmation of potential activity. Results: All the test group of rats was significantly reduced levels of SGOT, SGPT, ALP, total bilirubin, in CCl4 induced hepatotoxic models. There was a significant increase in total protein level in all the tested formulations. The antioxidant enzyme parameters such as LPO, MDA, GSH, SOD, and CAT were shows significant improvement in the treatment group as compared to disease control. The extract treated rats effectively preserved the structural integrity of the hepato-cellular membrane and liver cell architecture damaged by CCl4. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the Allium cepa extract possesses hepatoprotective activity in CCl4, induced hepatotoxicity in rats. This may be effectively used as a hepatoprotective agent in the management of hepatitis caused by various toxins.
References
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2. Kumar KE, Harsha KN, Sudheer V, babu NG. In vitro antioxidant activity and in vivo hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of Allium cepa bulb in ethanol induced liver damage in Wistar rats. Food Science and Human Wellness 2013;2:132–138.
3. Ilyas U, Katare DP, Aeri V, Naseef PP. A review on hepatoprotective and Immunomodulatory herbal plants. Pharmacognosy Review 2016;10(19):66-70.
4. Gu X, Manautou JE. Molecular mechanisms underlying chemical liver injury. Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine 2012;14:e4.
5. El-Meligy RM, Zain ME, Ahmed FA. Protective role of Cynanchum acutum L. extracts on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rat. International Journal of Chemical and Applied Biological Sciences 2014;1(1):8-13.
6. Chung RT, Stravitz RT, Fontana RJ, Schiodt FV, et al. Pathogenesis of liver injury in acute liver failure. Gastroenterology. 2012;143(3):e1-e7.
7. Marudanayagam R, Shanmugam V, Gunson B, Mirza DF, et al. Aetiology and outcome of acute liver failure. HPB (Oxford) 2009;11(5):429-34.
8. Malhi H, Gores GJ. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of liver injury. Gastroenterology 2008;134(6):1641-54.
9. Shrivastava S, Gilhotra R. Hepatoprotective potential of polyherbal preparation against CCl4- induced liver toxicity in rats. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Research 2017;8(3):1498-03.
10. Teschke R, Frenzel C, Glass X, Schulze J, et al. Herbal hepatotoxicity: a critical review. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2013;75(3):630–636.
11. Madrigal-Santillán E, Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Álvarez-González I, Sumaya-Martínez MT, et al. Review of natural products with hepatoprotective effects World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014;20(40):14787–804.
12. Manoj S, Mohanty PK, Jaliwala YA. Hepatoprotective activity of fruits of Prunus domestica. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences 2011;2:439–453.
13. Griffiths G, Trueman L, Crowther T, Thomas B, et al. Onions-A global benefit to health. Phytotherapy Research 2002;16(7):603-15.
14. Kook S, Kim GH, Choi K. The antidiabetic effect of onion and garlic in experimental diabetic rats: a meta-analysis. Journal of Medicinal Food
2009;12:552–556.
15. Dorant E, Van den Brandt PA, Goldbohm RA. A prospective cohort study on the relationship between onion and leek consumption, garlic supplement use and the risk of colorectal carcinoma in The Netherlands. Carcinogenesis 1996;17:477–484.
16. Obioha UE, Suru SM, Ola-Mudathir KF, et al. Hepatoprotective potentials of onion and garlic extracts on cadmium-induced oxidative damage in rats. Biological Trace Element Research 2009; 129:143–156.
17. Ige SF, Akhigbe RE, Adewale AA, et al. Effect of Allium cepa (onion) extract on cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Kidney Research Journal
2011; 1:41–47.
18. Laloo D, Sahu AN, Hemalatha S, Dubey SD. Pharmacognostical and phytochemial evaluation of Cinnamomum wightii Meissn flowers. Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources 2012;3:33-9.
19. Singh NK, Sahu AN, Singh SK. Free radical scavenging and hepatoprotective activities of Standardized methanolic extract of Maydis stigma. Pharmacology online 2009;2:440-9.
20. Sridevi VK, Chouhan HS, Singh NK, Singh SK. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of ethanol extract of Vitex glabrata on carbon tetrachlorideinduced liver damage in rats. Natural Product Research 2012;26:1135-40.
21. Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Analytical Biochemistry 1979;95:351-8.
22. Kakkar P, Das B, Viswanathan PN. A modified spectrophotometric assay of superoxide dismutase. Indian Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics
1984;21:130-2.
23. Sedlak J, Lindsay RH. Estimation of total, proteinbound, and nonprotein sulfhydryl groups in tissue with Ellman’s reagent. Analytical Biochemistry
1968;25:192-205.
24. Chandan BK, Saxena AK, Shukla S, Sharma N, et al. Hepatoprotective activity of Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz flowers against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity. Journal of Ethno pharmacology 2008;119:218-24.
25. Bera TK, Chatterjee K, De D, Ali KM, et al. Hepatoprotective activity of livshis, a polyherbal formulation in CCl4-Induced hepatotoxic male Wistar rats: A toxicity screening approach. Genomic Medicine, Biomarkers, and Health Sciences 2011;3:103-10.
26. Osadebe PO, Okoye FB, Uzor PF, Nnamani NR, et al. Phytochemical analysis, hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of Alchornea cordifolia methanol leaf extract on carbon tetrachlorideinduced hepatic damage in rats. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012;5:289-93.
27. Qu L, Xin H, Zheng G, Su Y, Ling C. Hepatoprotective Activity of the Total Saponins from Actinidia valvata Dunn Root against Carbon
Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Damage in Mice. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012;2012:216061.
28. Lima TB, Suja A, Jisa OS, Sathyanarayanan S, et al. Hepatoprotective activity of LIV–first against carbon tetra chloride-Induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. International Journal of Green Pharmacy 2010;4:71-4.
29. Wu Y, Wang F, Zheng Q, Lu L, et al. Hepatoprotective effect of total flavonoids from Laggera alata against carbon tetrachloride-induced injury in primary cultured neonatal rat hepatocytes and in rats with hepatic damage. Journal of Biomedical Science 2006;13:569-78.
30. Awaad AS, Soliman GA, El-Sayed DF, El-Gindi OD, et al. Hepatoprotective activity of Cyperus alternifolius on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Pharmaceutical Biology 2012;50:155-61.
31. Afzal M, Khan R, Kazmi I, Anwar F. Hepatoprotective potential of new steroid against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic injury. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 2013;378:275-81.
32. Yang CC, Fang JY, Hong TL, Wang TC, et al. Potential antioxidant properties and hepatoprotective effects of an aqueous extract formula derived from three Chinese medicinal herbs against CCl4-induced liver injury in rats. International Immunopharmacology 2013;15:106-13.
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Published
2018-12-31
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Maurya, H. (2018). Pharmacological evaluation of Allium cepa extract as hepatoprotective potential in albino rat. International Journal of Health and Clinical Research, 1(2), 7–13. Retrieved from https://www.ijhcr.com/index.php/ijhcr/article/view/16
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