A Study of Thyroid Profile and Vitamin D Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Abstract

Introduction: Non-communicable disease continues to be an imperative public health problem in India, leading to substantial increase in mortality and morbidity. Among these, Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension are increasing at an alarming rate. T2DM increases the risk of thyroid dysfunction in the long-term.T2DM and hypothyroidism is the primary reasons for mortality and morbidity in most high income and developing countries. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional single centre study was conducted among 100 patients with T2DM attending a tertiary care centre between January 2019 to June 2019. Eligible patients were 20 years or older. Exclusion criteria were known hepatic or renal disease, metabolic bone disease, malabsorption, hypercortisolism, pregnancy and medications influencing bone metabolism. The serum concentration of 25-OHD was measured by competitive protein binding assay using kits (Immunodiagnostic, Bensheim, Germany). Vitamin D Deficiency (VDD) was defined as serum 25-OHD concentration <50 nmol/L.Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured by the high performance liquid chromatography method (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Waters, MA, USA). TSH levels between 0.22-4.2 mIU/L were regarded normal. Participants were divided to three subgroups according to their TSH level (below <0.22 mIU/L, 0.22-4.2 mIU/L and >4.2 mIU/L). Study was approved by the Institutional Ethical Review Board. Data are presented as means±standard deviation (SD) and numbers. Results: A total of 100 participants were included in this study. Average age of the study population was 50.1±17.3 years and females predominated males. Vitamin D Deficiency was found in 49% of the participants. In 5% of the cases, TSH was lower than 0.22 mIU/L and in 75%, TSH was within normal reference range. Abnormally high levels of TSH (>4.2 mIU/L) were reported in 20% of participants. Conclusion: The present study shows high prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency levels among diabetic patients and there was a positive association between the VDD and TSH level among T2DM patients.