Perinatal outcome in oligohydramnios diagnosed at term -A prospective study

Abstract

Introduction: Amniotic fluid acts like a cushion and helps in growth of foetus. Decrease in amniotic fluid level is known as oligohydramnios There exists a correlation between oligohydramnios and adverse perinatal outcome in terms of low apgar score, meconium aspiration syndrome, birth asphyxia, increased rate of caesarean section for foetal distress, etc. It is the most frequent complication of pregnancy. Objectives
1. To analyse the incidence of oligohydramnios by using AFI .
2. To assess the maternal and Perinatal morbidity and mortality in women with low AFI.
3. To evaluate the effect of oligohydramnios on APGAR score rate at birth and the rate of NICU admissions.
Methods: Prospective study on perinatal outcome done in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department of PMCH, Udaipur over a period of 2 years from January 2018 to December 2019. 115 women with oligohydramnios at or after 37 weeks of pregnancy were analysed for perinatal outcome. Detailed history taken and necessary laboratory investigations done. Amniotic fluid index measured by ultrasonography using four quadrant technique as described by Phelan et al. Results: Incidence of oligohydramnios was found to be 9.13% in the present study. LSCS was done in 52.17%, low birth weight was seen in 60% IUGR in 26.08% NICU admission in 28.75%. Conclusion: Oligohydramnios occurs frequently and needs intensive surveillance and proper antenatal care with strict vigilance during labour. Decision between vaginal delivery and caesarean section should be well balanced.