A study on fetal congenital anomalies and methods of termnation

Abstract

Background: Congenital malformations are on rise in the current transition of the world from communicable to noncommunicable , chronic , genetic diseases.  Congenital malformations form the fifth major cause of neonatal deaths in India . Most of the data is underestimated as the reports are mostly from hospital based studies only. With emerging and widespread use of prenatal USG as a diagnostic tool in Obstetrics,detection of fetal anomalies has become easy. Various methods of termination of pregnancy have been described for fetal anomalies in the 1^st  and 2^nd trimesters.Aims & Objectives : The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence ,patterns , risk factors , distribution of various congenital malformations and to compare various methods of pregnancy termination.Materials &Methods :This was a cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary care hospital over a period of 5 years i.e., from January 2016 till October 2020.Results: Out of 6400 deliveries, 100 cases of major congenital anomalies were noted,making a prevalence of 1.56%. CNS anomalies were most commonly reported. Most of the cases were reported in 2^ndtrimester. Most common method of termination was medical, using  Mifepristone and  Misoprostol.Conclusion: To conclude, the prevalence congenital anomlies is 1.56% . Of the congenital anomalies noted, CNS is the most effected system of which anencephaly  is most frequently reported. Termination of pregnancy with T.Mifepristone  & T.Misoprostol appears to give best results .The incidence may be reduced by increased awareness & proper counselling and surveillance.

Keywords: Congenital Anomolies, Termination Of Pregnancy.